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Placed on: 2006-12-04 13:31   Updated on: 2010-10-25 15:44   Comments: 0   Views from 2009-08-25: 0

Amber is a traditional souvenir from Lithuania
2010-10-04 13:29

The Baltic amber, succinct, formed of amber pine tress – pinus succinifera – which in the Eocene period (55-40 million years ago) grew in south slopes and plains of Scandinavia. In the old Baltic amber tertiary forests conifers, palms, oaks, beeches, elms, chestnuts, willows, cinnamons, magnolias and olives, also mushrooms, mosses and lichens were growing.

The climate was mainly warm, turning to subtropical. Possible reasons for pathological overproduction of resin in amber trees were consequences of natural disasters and climate changes: lightning, early frosts, cloudbursts, increased concentration of soil salts and air humidity. Because of intensive resin exertion in the beginning of the Oligocene period amber forests were growing sickly very slowly.

The process of amber formation of resin includes many lasting changes and stages: polymerization, oxidation, isomerization, fermentation and the so-called ripeness process in alkaline soil of the Sambian peninsula, outputs of the Eocene period. Here resin had once and for all turned into amber.

Very few inclusions of plants are found – about 300 pieces that make approximately 0.4%. In the Palanga amber Museum only those remnants of plants remained whole that had been totally covered by resin and had no contact witch air.

Every piece of amber is of its early form, which reveals the process of its formation. If weathering had not damaged amber, water and ice, it could have retained its early form unchanged. Amber pieces are divided into those that had formed inside the trunk. The former are in the form of a drop (79%) amber stalactites, drops, icicles, pieces of amber in amber. The latter are in the form of the inside trunk (12%): pieces of resin in the bark or between the trunk and the bark. These are bark lamellae, pieces with bits of the bark.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BALTIC AMBER

Today more than 250 kinds of the Baltic amber are known. They are determined by color is yellow. Limpidity degree and color intensity depend on the number, size and arrangement of the smallest opaque admixtures in amber.

Flomin (muddy) stones are limpid; it is easy to polish them. Bastard stones are turlid, having lots of air bubbles. They may be blotted with clods of pearl color (white, light yellow), yellow or brownish. Bone amber is white or ivory, opaque, sometimes with bluish tint.

Physical and chemical characteristics of the Baltic amber are extremely various. Its hardness according to Mohs` scale is 2-3, but sometimes it reaches 10. The Baltic amber is easily processed, cut, drilled or polished. Amber density is from 1,05 to 1,096 g/cm 3.

Water of the Baltic Sea is not very salty. Amber density is little, so it floats in the water and waves coast it ashore. Because of its amorphous structure amber easily cracks. It also easily takes fire and burns in a smoking flame spreading a smell similar to that of incense. It is difficult to determine the exact fusion temperature of the Baltic amber.

When the temperature reaches 170*C, it becomes soft and sticky. This characteristic is used producing pressed amber. Amber fuses and disintegrates when the temperature is above 300*C. Only conofolium is left.

Under the effect of oxidation amber weathers and becomes darker. Because of oxidation amber covers itself with patina. Its thickness sometimes reaches some millimeters.

Amber is resistant to non-oxidizing chemicals and organic solvents. It melts being soaked in methyl alcohol (of 11,3%), turpentine (of 16,9%), ether (of 18.8%), acetone (of 23.3%). Chemical composition of the Baltic amber (succinct) is: 78.55% of coal C, 9.64% of hydrogen H, 11,81% of oxygen O. There is 3-8% of amber acid (C4H6O4) in succinct.

The most effective method of investigating fossil resin is infrared spectroscopy. It helps to identity succinct quite precisely and to distinguish it from other fossil resins.
 

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Pepa

Wigs, pieces, jewelry, accessories, hair pinned, nail extension products, hairdressing product Sodu Str. 22, Vilnius
Phone: +370-5-2162977, Mobile: +370-614-83409, Email: rnp.group@gmail.com

Vilniaus kailiai, AB

Modern natural fur dressing Paupio Str. 28, Vilnius
Phone: +370-5-2627803, Mobile: +370-615-50186, Email: info@kailiai.lt

Allee Shopping Center

Allee is a new addition to Budapest's growing number of shopping malls. It is on the Buda side only 3 stops by tram from Petőfi bridge. Október 23. utca 8-10, Budapest

Anna Leds Ltd

Nice clothes for wise people. 13 Baznīcas str., Riga
Phone: +371-67-455432, Mobile: +371-29-502901, Email: info@annaled.com

Arena Plaza

The biggest shopping center in Budapest, opened November 2007 Kerepesi út 9, Budapest

Árkád Shopping Center

Árkád offers a variety of fashion and designer shops, drugstores, bookshops and supermarkets. Örs vezér tér 25, Budapest

Beauty Shop, Sia Parfumbalt

Beauty Shop in Riga. Lienes 1, Riga
Phone: +371-67-566144 , Mobile: +371-27-117978

Belgrade Fortress

Hand-made and unique souvenirs and postcards, useful objects, maps, guide books, publications and monographs about the Belgrade Fortress and Belgrade. Terazije 3 / V, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia , Belgrad
Phone: +381 (0)11/ 26 20 685, +381 (0)11/ 26 33 747 , Email: office@beogradskatvrdjava.co.rs

Big Market Hall

The Great Market Hall in Budapest is the largest indoor market in the city and an architectural monument in itself. Vamhaz korut 1-3, Budapest
Phone: +36 1 217 0052

Budapest Europeum

The Budapest Europeum shopping center opened in April 2011 on Blaha Lujza Square with 6000 sq. meter shopping area. Fashion shops, shoe stores, a Müller drogerie, cafes and restaurants await shoppers on 3 levels. Blaha Lujza tér 3-5, Budapest

City Park Flea Market

The City Park in Budapest contains a whole lot of treasures; the Szechényi Thermal Bath, the Zoo, the Circus and several nice restaurants like for example the Gundel restaurant. In addition there is a concert arena there named the Petöfi Csarnok, and next to this you can find the so called City Park Flea Market in Budapest every Saturday and Sunday. Mihály utca 14, Budapest
Phone: +36 1 251 7266

Colette

Fashion goods, clothing, clothing store, the designer clothes 213 rue Saint-Honoré , Paris
Phone: +33-1-55353390, Email: contact@colette.fr

Corvin Shopping Center

Corvin shopping center is a shopping mall that was opened in Budapest’s eight district October 27, 2010. It was a part of a big project bringing life and nice buildings to the quite ruined part of the eight district in the area around the Corvin Cinema. Futó utca 37-45, Budapest

Dzintars, SIA

Perfumery, cosmetics and make-up. 30 Malu, Riga
Phone: +371-67-103930, Email: dzintars@dzintars.lv

Ecseri Flea Market

Ecseri flea market is specialized for different antique things and you can bargain for china knick-knacks, dolls, paintings, furniture, chandeliers etc., that mostly represent the art nouveau and art deco era. Nagykõrösi út 156, Budapest

Forum des Halles

Chopping center in Paris Centre 101, Porte Berger, Paris
Phone: +33-01-44769656

Galeries Lafayette

France’s largest department store, showcasing French taste and fashion, everything from clothing to furniture 40, bld Haussmann, Paris
Phone: +33-01-42823456

Hyatt Regency Belgrade

Shopping in the shops of the Hyatt Regency Belgrade Hotel. Milentija Popovica 5, Belgrade, Serbia 11070 , Belgrad
Phone: +381 11 301 1234, Email: belgrade.regency@hyatt.com

Le Carrousel du Louvre

Shopping centre near Louvre 99, rue de Rivoli, Paris

Lurdy Ház

Not the most ideal place for shopping addicts because it has less shops than other Budapest Shopping Malls. Könyves Kálmán körút 12-14, Budapest
Phone: +36 1 456 1100

Madara Cosmetics, SIA

Cosmetics Shop in Riga. 2 Šampētera str., Riga
Phone: +371-67-470243, Email: info@madara-cosmetics.lv

maudymukai.lt

e-shop bathing suits, swimwear Vilnius, Vilnius
Mobile: +370-604-34999, Email: prekes@gundyk.lt

Paola & Ko

Clothing Shop in Riga. Brīvības Str. 155, Riga
Phone: +371-67-553903, Mobile: +371-26-136213, Email: paolainfo@inbox.lv

Puku Pastnieks

Flowers and gifts in Riga. ., Riga
Phone: +371-67-316189, Mobile: +371-29-445337, Email: info@pukupastnieks.lv

Scala di Valori, SIA

Jewelry in Riga. Torna 4 , Riga
Phone: +371-27-27314, Email: amber-line@mail.ru

Vaide, Sia

Clothing Shop in Riga. Jēkabpils Str. 12, Riga
Phone: +371-67-205031, +371-67-205055, Email: vaide@vaide.lv

Vilnos takas, UAB

Dressing shop in Vilnius. Every article is sewn by hands from natural fibre Gedimino pr. 9, Vilnius
Phone: +370-5-2610917, Mobile: +370-680-86267, Email: vilnostakas@takas.lt

West End City Center

This is the most popular and said to be one of the biggest shopping centers in central Europe. There you can find a lot of shops, a big cinema (with some films played in English), great food opportunities (fastfood and restaurants). Váci út 1-3, Budapest
Phone: +36-1-238-7777, Email: info@westend.hu

Zira Hotel Belgrade

The most modern shopping center of the country in the hotel's premises. 35 Ruzveltova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, Belgrad
Phone: + 381 (0) 11 331 48 00, Email: reservations@zirahotels.com

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